Kia ora! Are you interested in learning how to express years in Te Reo Māori, the indigenous language of Aotearoa (New Zealand)? In this guide, we will explore both formal and informal ways to talk about years, along with some essential tips and examples. Whether you’re planning a trip to New Zealand or simply want to expand your linguistic horizons, this article will equip you with the knowledge to confidently discuss years in Te Reo Māori.
Table of Contents
Formal Ways to Say Years
When it comes to formal usage, there are two primary methods to express years in Te Reo Māori: using the Māori calendar or adapting the English system.
1. The Māori Calendar
The Māori calendar, or “Maramataka,” is a traditional lunar calendar that governed the Māori way of life for centuries. It consists of twelve lunar months aligned with natural phenomena, such as the blooming of certain plants or the migration of specific fish species. While the Maramataka is less commonly used in contemporary contexts, it holds significant cultural and historical value.
To express a year using the Māori calendar, follow this format: ‘Ko te tau o [year].’ For example, to say “the year 2022,” you would say “Ko te tau o 2022.”
2. Adapting the English System
As English has become widely used in New Zealand, it is also acceptable to adapt the English system of stating years. However, it is crucial to take into account the differences in pronunciation to ensure accuracy in Te Reo Māori.
To express a year in the English system, follow this structure: ‘[year] te tau.’ For instance, you would say “2022 te tau” to refer to the year 2022 in Te Reo Māori.
Informal Ways to Say Years
In informal settings, such as casual conversations or friendly exchanges, you may come across alternative ways to talk about years in Te Reo Māori. These expressions, although less formal, reflect the dynamic nature of language and cultural adaptations.
1. Simplified Year Format
When informally expressing years, it is common to simplify the format into a more concise version. For example:
- 2022 – ’22
- 1998 – ’98
- 2010 – ’10
By removing the first two digits, you can convey the year in a shorter, friendlier way.
2. Utilizing Loanwords
Due to the influence of English and other languages, Te Reo Māori incorporates loanwords for certain concepts. One example is the use of “wā” to refer to years. You might hear phrases like “Ka whakatūturu taku whare i te tau o 2023” (I am planning to build my house in the year 2023), where “tau” (year) is replaced with “wā” (time).
Additional Tips and Examples
Here are some extra tips and examples to enhance your understanding of expressing years in Te Reo Māori:
1. Use of “a” (the)
When referring to a specific year, it is customary to precede the year with “a” (the). For instance, “He mate a 2005” means “A death in 2005.”
2. Talking about Decades
To express a decade, use the word “tekau” (ten) followed by the appropriate number. For example, “the 1980s” would be “ngā tekau tau whitu” (the seventies).
3. Referring to Centuries
When referring to centuries, use the word “whārangi” (page). For instance, “the 21st century” would be “te whārangi rua tekau mā tahi” (page twenty-one).
Example: “Ko te tau o 1800, i whāngaihia te Tiriti o Waitangi.” (In the year 1800, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed.)
By paying attention to these nuances, you can confidently engage in conversations involving years and better understand Te Reo Māori speaking communities.
Conclusion
Congratulations! You’ve now gained valuable insights into expressing years in Te Reo Māori. We covered both formal and informal ways, highlighting the use of the Māori calendar, adapting the English system, simplified formats, loanwords, and additional tips. Remember, language is ever-evolving, and adaptation plays a significant role in everyday conversations. Embrace the warmth and richness of Te Reo Māori as you continue your language-learning journey. Piki mai kake mai!
