Japanese

About Japanese

Japanese is the language of Japan, spoken as a first language by about 128 million people. It is the national language in practice, although no Japanese law names it as official. Its closest relatives are the Ryukyuan languages of Okinawa, and it has no proven link to Chinese or Korean, even though it borrowed much of its writing and vocabulary from Chinese.

Japanese is written with three scripts used together: kanji (characters taken from Chinese), hiragana and katakana. Spellings in Latin letters, like the ones used in these guides, are called romaji. Politeness is built into the verb. The polite forms ending in -masu and desu are the safe choice with strangers, shop staff and older people, while plain forms are kept for friends. Add -san after another person's family name instead of Mr or Ms, but never after your own. Vowels are short and clear, with a as in "father", and a doubled vowel or consonant in romaji is held twice as long.

FamilyJaponic
Native speakersabout 128 million (2019)
Official inJapan (national language in practice)
Scriptkanji, hiragana and katakana
Codesja (ISO 639-1), jpn (ISO 639-3)

Speaker number: Ethnologue (2019), via Wikidata. Retrieved 26 September 2026.

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