Italian

About Italian

Italian is the official language of Italy, San Marino and Vatican City and one of the four national languages of Switzerland, with about 65 million native speakers. It grew out of the Tuscan speech of Florence, and standard Italian is understood across the whole country alongside many regional dialects.

Italian has two ways to say "you". Use Lei with strangers, older people and in shops, and tu with friends, family and children. Spelling is regular once you know a few rules: c and g before e or i sound like the ch in "church" and the j in "jam", while ch and gh keep them hard, as in chiesa (church). Gn sounds like the ny in "canyon" and gli like the lli in "million". Double consonants are held a little longer, so pala (shovel) and palla (ball) are different words.

FamilyIndo-European, Romance
Native speakersabout 65 million (2019)
Official inItaly, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City
ScriptLatin alphabet
Codesit (ISO 639-1), ita (ISO 639-3)

Speaker numbers: Ethnologue (2019), via Wikidata. Retrieved 26 September 2026.

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