Arabic

About Arabic

Arabic is an official language in more than 20 countries across North Africa and the Middle East, with about 315 million speakers. It has two layers. Modern Standard Arabic is used for writing, news and formal speech and is the same everywhere, while everyday conversation happens in regional dialects such as Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf and Moroccan Arabic, which can differ a great deal. The guides in this category give both standard Arabic and dialect phrases, so check which one a phrase belongs to before you use it. For two of the dialects there are separate guides in Egyptian and Lebanese.

Arabic is written from right to left in an alphabet of 28 letters, and short vowels are usually not written. Several sounds have no English match. kh is like the ch in Scottish "loch" and ḥ is a strong breathy h. The letter ʿayn, often written 3 in Latin letters, is a sound made deep in the throat. The word for "you" changes with the person you speak to: anta to a man and anti to a woman in standard Arabic.

FamilyAfroasiatic, Semitic
Speakersabout 315 million, all varieties (2019)
Official inmore than 20 countries
ScriptArabic alphabet, 28 letters, right to left
Codesar (ISO 639-1), ara (ISO 639-3)

Speaker number: Ethnologue (2019), via Wikidata. Retrieved 26 September 2026.

Scroll to Top