Learning how to say ‘when’ in Japanese is an important skill when it comes to expressing time and indicating specific moments. In this guide, we’ll explore the various ways to say ‘when’ in Japanese, including both formal and informal expressions. We’ll also provide regional variations if necessary, alongside helpful tips and numerous examples to ensure a comprehensive understanding. Let’s get started!
Table of Contents
Formal Expressions:
In formal settings, such as business or official situations, it’s essential to use appropriate language. Here are some formal expressions for indicating ‘when’ in Japanese:
1. とき (toki)
This word is the standard and most common way to say ‘when’ in Japanese. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts. When used formally, it is often paired with polite language.
Example: 会議は何時に始まりますか？- Kaigi wa nanji ni hajimarimasu ka? – What time does the meeting start?
Response: 午後３時のおときに始まります。- Gogo sanji no otoki ni hajimarimasu. – It starts at 3 p.m.
2. 時間 (jikan)
When asking for a specific time, using 時間 is appropriate. It translates to ‘time,’ but can also be used to mean ‘when’ within that context in formal settings.
Example: ご予約の時間を教えてください。- Go-yoyaku no jikan o oshiete kudasai. – Please tell me your appointment time.
Response: 8時30分に予約しました。- Hachiji sanjuppun ni yoyaku shimashita. – I made a reservation for 8:30.
Informal Expressions:
In casual and informal situations, such as conversations with friends or family, you can use more relaxed expressions to indicate ‘when’ in Japanese. Here are a couple of examples:
1. いつ (itsu)
This word is the go-to option for casual conversations when asking or stating ‘when.’ It is simple, widely used, and suitable for most informal situations.
Example: 映画を見る？いつ？- Eiga o miru? Itsu? – Want to watch a movie? When?
Response: 今日の夜、８時にどう？- Kyou no yoru, hachi-ji ni dou? – How about tonight at 8?
2. とき (toki)
Just like in formal expressions, you can also use とき informally. However, in informal contexts, とき is more frequently used when referring to emotional or significant moments rather than specific times.
Example: 結婚するときはいつがいい？- Kekkon suru toki wa itsu ga ii? – When is a good time to get married?
Response: 大学を卒業したときがいいと思うよ。- Daigaku o sotsugyou shita toki ga ii to omou yo. – I think it’s good when you graduate from university.
Tips for Using ‘When’ in Japanese:
1. Context Matters:
When using any of the expressions for ‘when’ in Japanese, it’s crucial to consider the context of the conversation. Whether it’s a formal or informal setting, the appropriate choice may vary.
2. Pairing with Polite Language:
In formal situations, it’s advisable to pair expressions like とき with polite language. This demonstrates respect and proper etiquette.
3. Pay Attention to Verb Tenses:
When using ‘when’ in Japanese, the appropriate verb tense will depend on whether you are referring to the past, present, or future. Always ensure your verb tense aligns with the intended meaning and timeline.
4. Be Mindful of Regional Variations:
In Japanese, regional variations occasionally arise in terms of vocabulary and pronunciation. However, when it comes to expressing ‘when,’ the main formal and informal expressions covered in this guide are common throughout Japan.
Conclusion
Saying ‘when’ in Japanese presents itself in various expressions that adapt to different formality levels and contexts. By familiarizing yourself with both formal and informal ways like とき, いつ, and 時間, you’ll gain the ability to indicate specific moments in conversations, whether they are casual chats or formal discussions. Remember to consider the appropriate expression based on the situation and always pay attention to contextual cues. With practice and exposure to more examples, you’ll soon become confident in expressing ‘when’ in Japanese.
