In French, the translation for the English word “that” can vary depending on the context and intended meaning. Unlike English, French has different forms and variations of “that” based on its function as a pronoun, adjective, or adverb. This guide aims to provide you with an overview of the various ways to express “that” in French, both formally and informally, with tips, examples, and regional variations as necessary.
Table of Contents
1. “That” as a Pronoun
When “that” functions as a pronoun, it refers to a specific object or idea previously mentioned or understood. In French, there are two main translations: “que” and “celui”
1.1 Formal:
In formal French, “that” can be translated as:
- Que: Used to introduce a subordinate clause.
Je sais que tu es occupé. (I know that you are busy.)
1.2 Informal:
In informal French, “that” can be translated as:
- Celui: Used to replace a masculine singular noun.
Le livre que j’ai pris est celui de mon frère. (The book that I took is my brother’s.)
2. “That” as an Adjective
When “that” functions as an adjective, it describes or modifies a specific noun. In French, “that” can be translated as “ce” or “cette” based on the gender and number of the noun.
2.1 Formal:
In formal French, “that” can be translated as:
- Ce: Used for masculine singular nouns.
Ce livre est intéressant. (That book is interesting.)
2.2 Informal:
In informal French, “that” can be translated as:
- Cette: Used for feminine singular nouns.
Cette chanson est géniale. (That song is awesome.)
3. “That” as an Adverb
When “that” functions as an adverb, it specifies the degree or intensity of an action or adjective. In French, “that” is commonly translated as “tellement”.
3.1 Formal & Informal:
In both formal and informal French, “that” can be translated as:
- Tellement: Used to express a high degree or intensity.
Il est tellement intelligent. (He is so intelligent.)
Regional Variations
French is spoken in various regions worldwide, and some regional variations exist regarding the translation of “that.” Here are a few examples:
3.1 Quebec French:
In Quebec French, people often use “ça” as a substitute for “that” in informal speech. For example:
- Ça: Used informally as a pronoun or neuter demonstrative.
Ça m’énerve! (That annoys me!)
3.2 Belgian French:
In Belgian French, a common variation is the use of “ce que” instead of “que” as a pronoun. For instance:
- Ce que: Used informally as a substitute for “que”.
Dis-moi ce que tu veux. (Tell me that you want.)
Conclusion
Mastering the different translations of “that” in French is a key step in improving your language skills. Remember to consider the context and intended meaning when choosing the appropriate translation. Whether you opt for “que,” “celui,” “ce,” or other variations, practice and exposure to the language will greatly enhance your ability to express yourself effectively in French.
