What does it mean word for word?
The phrase is composed of 結論 (ketsuron), meaning "conclusion" and として (toshite), meaning "as".
Which one should you use?
While 結論として is used for logical conclusions in essays or debates, 最後に is a more common way to signal the final point in a speech or presentation. For informal conversations, you might use だから結局 to mean "so in the end", まとめると to mean "to summarize" or とにかく to mean "anyway" or "in any case" when transitioning into final thoughts.
Is there a formal and an informal way to say it?
結論として is appropriate for formal writing. For a more formal way to indicate the end of a statement or discussion, you can use 結論としまして. In formal situations to introduce the last part of a discussion or presentation, 最後に is often used. For casual or informal settings, use まとめると to mean "to summarize", とにかく to mean "anyway" or だから結局 to mean "so in the end". To signify the conclusion of a speech, presentation or written work, 以上です is commonly used.
How do you pronounce it?
ketsuron toshite
Did you know?
- In Japanese corporate culture, the 'conclusion' is often stated at the very beginning of a report using a style called 結論先出し or 'conclusion first'.
- In Japanese academic writing, you might see the phrase 結びに (musubi ni) instead of 結論として. This comes from the concept of tying a knot, symbolizing the finality of a thread or a piece of fabric.
- While 'in conclusion' is a transition, using the word 結局 (kekkyoku) in a conversation can sometimes sound slightly frustrated. It often carries the nuance of 'after all' or 'at the end of the day', implying that the final result was perhaps not what was intended.
Examples in context
- 結論としまして、この研究は重要性が高いと言えます。In conclusion, it can be said that this research is of great importance.
- まとめると、この映画は本当に面白かったんだ。To summarize, this movie was really interesting.
- 結論として、この計画は中止すべきです。Ketsuron to shite, kono keikaku wa chuushi subeki desu.In conclusion, this plan should be cancelled.
- 結論として、今回のプロジェクトは成功でした。Ketsuron to shite, konkai no purojekuto wa seikou deshita.In conclusion, this project was a success.
Example conversation
Two students are discussing a research report in a library.
- 大翔 Hiroto結論として、何が言いたいのですか？Ketsuron to shite, nani ga iitai no desu ka?In conclusion, what are you trying to say?
- 結衣 Yui新しい技術の重要性を伝えたいです。Atarashii gijutsu no juuyousei o tsutaetai desu.I want to convey the importance of new technology.
- 大翔 Hiroto結衣さんの意見はよく分かりました。Yui-san no iken wa yoku wakarimashita.I understood your opinion well, Yui.
- 結衣 Yui大翔さん、ありがとうございます。Hiroto-san, arigatou gozaimasu.Thank you, Hiroto.
