Guide: How to Say “Already” in Japanese

Learning how to express the concept of “already” in Japanese is an essential part of mastering the language. Whether you want to convey the idea of completion or highlight a sense of surprise, understanding the various ways to say “already” is crucial. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the formal and informal expressions of “already” in Japanese, providing plenty of tips, examples, and insights.

Formal Ways to Say “Already” in Japanese

When using formal language in Japanese, certain expressions are considered appropriate. Here are a few ways to say “already” formally:

1. すでに (Sudeni): This is a sophisticated and widely-used term for expressing “already.” It is neutral in tone and can be used in various contexts. For example:
   

   彼はすでに来ています。
   (Kare wa sudeni kite imasu)
   He has already arrived.

2. もう (Mō): Another common formal expression meaning “already” is “mō.” This term often conveys a sense of completion or a high level of surprise. For instance:
   

   もうお帰りになりましたか？
   (Mō o-kaeri ni narimashita ka?)
   Have you already gone home?

Informal Ways to Say “Already” in Japanese

Using informal language in Japanese allows for a more casual and friendly tone. Here are some informal expressions of “already” to incorporate into your everyday conversations:

1. もう (Mō): This term, also used formally, is extremely versatile and commonly used informally as well. It is perfect for expressing “already.” For example:
   

   もう終わった？
   (Mō owatta?)
   Have you already finished?

2. もうしている (Mō shite iru): Adding the verb “している (shite iru)” meaning “doing” to “mō” gives a more immediate sense of “already.” For instance:
   

   もうしている？
   (Mō shite iru?)
   Are you already doing it?

3. もう完了 (Mō kanryō): This expression carries a stronger emphasis on completion and can be used informally when you want to emphasize that something is already done. For example:
   

   もう完了したよ！
   (Mō kanryō shita yo!)
   It’s already done!

Tips for Using “Already” in Japanese

• Placement Matters: In Japanese, the placement of “already” within a sentence can impact its meaning. Placing it at the beginning or end of a sentence creates emphasis, while placing it in the middle offers a nuance of completion.
• Pay Attention to Context: Japanese is contextual, and understanding the situation is vital when choosing the appropriate expression for “already.” Consider the formality level, relationships, and the overall tone of the conversation.
• Listen and Observe: By immersing yourself in Japanese media, conversation, and culture, you can develop a natural sense of when and how to use different expressions of “already.” Pay attention to native speakers and imitate their usage patterns.

Now that you are equipped with a range of formal and informal expressions for “already” in Japanese, keep practicing and incorporating them into your conversations. Learning how to use “already” effectively will enhance your fluency and help you express yourself more naturally. Remember to pay attention to context and always strive to improve your understanding and usage of the Japanese language. Ganbatte kudasai! (Good luck!)