Learning how to say “you” in Korean is an essential step in mastering the language. Korean, with its distinct honorific system, has different ways to address people depending on the level of politeness required in a given situation. In this guide, we’ll explore the formal and informal ways of saying “you” in Korean and provide useful tips, examples, and regional variations where applicable.
Table of Contents
1. Formal Pronouns and Phrases
When speaking to someone older, higher in status, or in a formal setting, it is crucial to use formal pronouns. Here are some commonly used ones:
a) “당신” (dangshin)
The term “당신” (dangshin) is a formal and generic way to say “you” in Korean. However, it’s important to note that using “당신” to address someone directly is considered impolite in Korean culture. It is often better to use the person’s name or title instead of “당신”.
b) “너희” (neohui)
“너희” (neohui) is a formal pronoun used when addressing a group of people formally. It is important to use this term with caution as it can come across as rude if used incorrectly.
c) “세” (se)
“세” (se) is an honorific suffix used in certain formal expressions to show respect. It is attached to the end of nouns or pronouns. For example, “선생님 세” (seonsaengnim se) means “teacher” with a respectful tone.
d) Name or Title
Using someone’s name or title is the most preferred formal way to address people in Korean. For example, if someone’s name is Jihoon, you can call them “Jihoon 씨” (Jihoon-ssi) to show respect. Similarly, using titles like “선생님” (seonsaengnim) for teachers or “사장님” (sajangnim) for company presidents is appropriate and respectful.
2. Informal Pronouns and Phrases
Conversely, when speaking to friends, family members, or people younger in age or lower in status, it is common to use informal pronouns and phrases. Here are some examples:
a) “너” (neo)
“너” (neo) is the most common and basic way to say “you” in Korean when you are speaking informally. It is used among friends or people of similar age or status.
b) “당신” (dangshin)
In an informal context, “당신” (dangshin) can also be used to express affection towards someone, such as a romantic partner. It takes on an endearing and intimate meaning in this context.
c) Name
Using someone’s name directly is a casual and common way to address them in informal settings. This creates a friendly and relaxed atmosphere when communicating with peers or close acquaintances.
3. Regional Variations
While the formal and informal pronouns discussed above are widely used across Korea, it’s worth noting that there can be regional variations in dialects and local customs. Here are a few examples:
a) “당신님” (dangshinnim)
In some regions, it is customary to add the honorific suffix “님” (nim) to “당신” (dangshin) to make it more polite. So, instead of “당신” (dangshin), you would say “당신님” (dangshinnim).
b) “자네” (jane)
“자네” (jane) is an informal pronoun used specifically in certain dialects, such as Jeolla-do and North Gyeongsang provinces. It is equivalent to “너” (neo) in standard Korean.
4. Tips for Using “You” Correctly
Here are some valuable tips to bear in mind when using the appropriate form of “you” in Korean:
- Pay attention to the age, status, and formality level of the person you are addressing. Adjust your language accordingly.
- Using someone’s name or title is usually the safest and most respectful choice in formal situations.
- In informal settings, using “너” (neo) is generally acceptable among friends and peers.
- Avoid using “당신” (dangshin) directly, as it can be perceived as impolite in most situations.
- When in doubt, observe the language and behavior of native speakers in similar situations and follow their lead.
Example Conversation:
A: 선생님, 안녕하세요? (Teacher, hello?)
B: 네, 안녕하세요. 제 이름은 김지영 선생님입니다. 당신은 누구세요? (Yes, hello. My name is Teacher Kim Jiyoung. Who are you?)
A: 저는 학생입니다. 제 이름은 박지우예요. (I’m a student. My name is Park Jiwoo.)
B: 박지우 씨, 반갑습니다. (Nice to meet you, Jiwoo.)
Congratulations on taking the first steps to address the different forms of “you” in Korean! Remember to practice and gradually incorporate the appropriate pronouns based on the context to enhance your language skills. Enjoy exploring the rich culture and language of Korea!
