When learning a new language, one of the fundamental words you need to master is “who.” In Portuguese, the word “who” can be expressed in various ways depending on formality, context, and regional variations. In this guide, we will explore the formal and informal ways to say “who” in Portuguese, providing you with plenty of tips and examples to help you communicate effectively.
Table of Contents
Formal Ways to Say “Who” in Portuguese
When addressing someone formally or in a more polite context, you can use the following words or expressions to convey “who.”
1. Quem
The most common and versatile way to say “who” in Portuguese is “quem.” It can be used in both direct and indirect questions.
Example: Quem é você? (Who are you?)
Example: Eu não sei com quem ele está falando. (I don’t know who he’s talking to.)
2. Quem é
In more formal situations, you can add the verb “ser” (to be) after “quem” to ask “who is” someone.
Example: Quem é o chefe desta empresa? (Who is the boss of this company?)
Informal Ways to Say “Who” in Portuguese
When speaking informally, especially with friends, family, or in casual conversations, Portuguese offers different alternatives to convey “who.” Let’s explore some of them below.
1. Quem
Just like in formal contexts, “quem” can also be used in informal settings. It remains the most common and versatile option.
Example: Quem vai à festa hoje? (Who is going to the party today?)
2. Quem é que
To emphasize the question or create a more informal tone, it is common to use “quem é que” before the verb.
Example: Quem é que vai ao cinema comigo? (Who is going to the movies with me?)
3. Quem foi
When referring to someone in the past or asking about someone’s identity, use “quem foi” (who was).
Example: Quem foi o primeiro presidente do Brasil? (Who was the first president of Brazil?)
4. Quem tá
In colloquial speech, especially in Brazil, it is common to use the contraction “tá” instead of “está” (to be). This transforms “quem está” (who is) into “quem tá.”
Example: Quem tá aí? (Who’s there?)
Regional Variations
While Portuguese is the official language in various countries, regional differences can result in different uses of “who” across Portuguese-speaking regions. Let’s explore some variations below.
1. Cê
In Brazil, particularly in spoken language, it is common to use “cê” as a contraction of “você” (you). When combined with “quem,” it becomes “cê quem.”
Example: Cê quem tá cantando tão bem? (Who’s singing so well?)
2. Quem que
In some regions of Brazil, it is frequent to use “quem que” as a more relaxed way to ask “who.”
Example: Quem que vai ao jogo amanhã? (Who’s going to the game tomorrow?)
3. Quem é que é
In certain dialects, it is common to repeat the verb “é” to create a more expressive or regional tone.
Example: Quem é que é o(a) namorado(a) mesmo? (Who is the boyfriend/girlfriend again?)
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have now learned the different ways to say “who” in Portuguese, both formally and informally. Remember to consider the appropriate context and level of formality when choosing the correct variation. Whether you use “quem,” “quem é,” “quem é que,” or any regional variations, you’ll be able to confidently ask “who” in Portuguese in various situations. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll enhance your language skills even further!
