Guide on How to Say “What is this?” in Mandarin

Whether you are planning a trip to China, connecting with Mandarin-speaking friends, or simply expanding your language skills, knowing how to ask “What is this?” in Mandarin is a valuable tool. In this guide, we will explore formal and informal ways to ask this question, emphasizing common Mandarin expressions and providing insightful examples. Additionally, we will briefly touch on regional variations if they are relevant to fully equip you with the knowledge needed to communicate effectively in Mandarin. So let’s get started!

Formal Expressions

When it comes to formal settings, it’s crucial to use polite language to show respect. Mandarin provides various ways to ask “What is this?” formally, depending on the context. Here are some key phrases you can use:

“这是什么？” (Zhè shì shénme?)”

This straightforward phrase is the most common formal expression for “What is this?” in Mandarin. Its literal translation is “This is what?” and it is widely understood across different Mandarin-speaking regions.

“请问这是什么？” (Qǐngwèn zhè shì shénme?)”

This phrase, which translates to “Excuse me, what is this?” adds a polite element by using “请问” (qǐngwèn) at the beginning. It is commonly used in formal situations when seeking clarification about an object or item.

In formal settings, it is also important to pay attention to your tone and body language. Make eye contact, speak clearly, and use an appropriate volume to ensure your message is understood and well-received.

Examples:

• Person A: 这是什么？(Zhè shì shénme?)
  Person B: 这是一本书。(Zhè shì yī běn shū.)
  Translation: Person A: What is this?
  Person B: This is a book.
• Person A: 请问这是什么？(Qǐngwèn zhè shì shénme?)
  Person B: 这是一杯茶。(Zhè shì yī bēi chá.)
  Translation: Person A: Excuse me, what is this?
  Person B: This is a cup of tea.

Informal Expressions

In casual settings and with friends, you can adapt your language by using more relaxed expressions. Informal Mandarin expressions for “What is this?” often feature simpler vocabulary and a less formal tone. Here are some examples:

“这个是什么？” (Zhège shì shénme?)”

This expression translates to “What is this?” and is commonly used in informal settings. By using “这个” (zhège) instead of “这” (zhè), you add a casual touch to your question.

“这是什么东西？” (Zhè shì shénme dōngxi?)”

When you want to emphasize the word “thing” in Mandarin, you can use this informal expression. “东西” (dōngxi) means “thing” or “item” and adding it to your question makes it more conversational.

Examples:

• Person A: 这个是什么？(Zhège shì shénme?)
  Person B: 这是一张照片。(Zhè shì yī zhāng zhàopiàn.)
  Translation: Person A: What is this?
  Person B: This is a photograph.
• Person A: 这是什么东西？(Zhè shì shénme dōngxi?)
  Person B: 这是一个礼物。(Zhè shì yī gè lǐwù.)
  Translation: Person A: What is this thing?
  Person B: This is a gift.

Regional Variations

Mandarin, as the lingua franca of China, enjoys widespread usage across different regions. However, regional variations in vocabulary and pronunciation exist. Let’s briefly explore a few variations, though they may not be directly related to the phrase “What is this?”:

Beijing Dialect:

In the Beijing dialect, the phrase “What is this?” can be expressed as “这是啥？” (Zhè shì shá?). Using “啥” (shá) instead of “什么” (shénme) is common in Beijing and northern regions of China.

Shanghai Dialect:

In the Shanghai dialect, “What is this?” is often expressed as “侬看这个是嘛？” (Nóng kàn zhè gè shì mā?). The phrase “侬看” (nóng kàn) means “you see,” and using it adds a unique touch to the question.

Guangzhou Dialect:

In the Guangzhou dialect, “What is this?” is expressed as “咩嘢嚟？” (Mē1 je5 lei4?). This regional variation replaces the standard Mandarin words with Cantonese dialect equivalents, reflecting the linguistic diversity in the region.

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing this guide on how to say “What is this?” in Mandarin! You now possess essential knowledge of both formal and informal expressions, enabling you to comfortably communicate with Mandarin speakers in various settings. Remember to adapt your language based on the formality of the context. With practice and exposure to different Mandarin-speaking regions, you will gain a better understanding of regional variations. So go ahead, put your newfound knowledge to use, and immerse yourself in the rich linguistic landscape of Mandarin!