Guide: How to Say “What” in Latin

Welcome! If you’re interested in learning how to say “what” in Latin, you’ve come to the right place. The Latin language, with its rich history and cultural significance, offers various ways to express this versatile word. In this guide, we will explore both formal and informal ways to say “what” in Latin, providing helpful tips and examples along the way. Let’s dive in!

Formal Ways to Say “What” in Latin

When you need to use “what” in a more formal context in Latin, you can choose from the following options:

1. Quid: This is the most common and straightforward translation for “what” in Latin. It can be used as both an interrogative pronoun and as an interrogative adjective. For example:
   

   Sing.: Quid est? (What is it?)

   Pl.: Quid faciunt? (What are they doing?)

2. Quod: When used as an interrogative pronoun, quod signifies “which” or “what” in a more specific sense. It is often used in formal contexts and typically followed by a relative clause:
   

   Quod vērum est, iucundum est. (What is true is pleasant.)

   Scīsne quod dīcit? (Do you know what he is saying?)

3. Quis: In some formal settings, especially when addressing a person, you can use “quis” to mean “what” in the sense of “who.” For example:
   

   Quis advenit? (Who is coming?)

   Quis dūcit? (Who is leading?)

Informal Ways to Say “What” in Latin

If you’re in a casual or informal setting, you might prefer one of these alternatives to say “what” in Latin:

1. Quidnam: This form of quid adds emphasis and is often used to convey a sense of surprise or curiosity. It is particularly useful when you want to ask “what on earth” or “what in the world.” Examples include:
   

   Quidnam nōn vidēs? (What on earth do you not see?)

   Quidnam novī? (What’s new?)

2. Quid est: This is a shortened form of “quid est?” It is commonly used in everyday conversations to ask “what’s up” or “what’s going on.” For instance:
   

   Quid est? (What’s up?)

   Quid est tibi? (What’s going on with you?)

3. Quid agis: If you want to ask someone “what are you doing” in a casual manner, “quid agis” is a frequently used phrase. Examples include:
   

   Salve! Quid agis? (Hello! What are you doing?)

   Quid agitis hodiē? (What are you all doing today?)

Regional Variations

In general, Latin was a highly standardized language across regions. However, some minor regional variations existed. These variations, while subtle, influenced the usage of certain words and expressions. When it comes to “what” in Latin, we can say that these regional variations had minimal impact. The formal and informal usages discussed earlier were widely accepted throughout the Latin-speaking world.

Now that you are familiar with various ways to say “what” in Latin, both formally and informally, don’t be afraid to apply these expressions in your conversations or studies. Learning how to say “what” will undoubtedly enhance your understanding of the Latin language and its nuances.

Remember to practice using these phrases, read Latin texts, and engage with Latin speakers to truly develop your fluency. Enjoy your journey into the fascinating world of Latin!