pen-blwydd priodas hapus
/ˌpɛmˈbluːɨ̯ð prɪ.ˈɔdas ˈhapɨ̞s/word by word
The English phrase "happy anniversary" translates to Welsh as pen-blwydd priodas hapus.
This phrase is used to congratulate a couple on the anniversary of their wedding.
What does it mean word for word?
The phrase is literally composed of pen-blwydd (birthday/anniversary), priodas (marriage) and hapus (happy).
How does it change in a sentence?
In Welsh, the adjective hapus (happy) follows the noun phrase it modifies, whereas in English it precedes it.
How do you pronounce it?
/ˌpɛmˈbluːɨ̯ð prɪ.ˈɔdas ˈhapɨ̞s/ (4 syllables, stress on the 2nd syllable)
Did you know?
- The word hap in the root of hapus is also found in the English word 'hapless', which describes someone lacking luck.
- The Welsh word hapus is a calque of the English word 'happy'. This means it was intentionally created to mirror the structure of the English term.
- While English uses 'anniversary' for any recurring date, Welsh uses pen-blwydd for almost all such celebrations, including the anniversary of a death or a historical event.
Examples in context
- Pen-blwydd priodas hapus i chi!Happy wedding anniversary to you!
- Llongyfarchiadau a pen-blwydd priodas hapus!Congratulations and a happy wedding anniversary!
- Dych chi'n un pair bendigcedig, pen-blwydd priodas hapus.You are a blessed couple, happy wedding anniversary.
Example conversation
Rhiannon gives Owain a card for their wedding anniversary.
- RhiannonPen-blwydd priodas hapus, Owain!Happy wedding anniversary, Owain!
- OwainDiolch yn fawr, Rhiannon.Thank you very much, Rhiannon.
- RhiannonDyma gartyn i ti.Here is a card for you.
- OwainTi sy'n rhyfeddyl, diolch.You are wonderful, thanks.
Sources
- IPA marked “word by word” joins the Wiktionary pronunciations of each word (pen-blwydd, priodas, hapus) and can differ in connected speech.
- Word origins: Wiktionary entries hapus, pen-blwydd, priodas, CC BY-SA 4.0.
