When it comes to communicating about people with disabilities, it is important to use respectful and inclusive language. The term “deaf and dumb” has historically been used to refer to individuals who are deaf and also have difficulty speaking. However, this phrase is considered outdated and offensive by many in the Deaf community and the disability community at large.
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Formal Ways to Refer to Individuals who are Deaf and Have Difficulty Speaking
1. Deaf and Vocal Communication-Impaired: This formal term acknowledges that the person is deaf and faces challenges with speaking. It emphasizes the fact that they may use alternative forms of communication such as sign language, gestures, writing, or assistive communication devices to express themselves.
Example: “John is deaf and vocal communication-impaired. He uses American Sign Language to communicate with others.”
2. Deaf and Non-Verbal: This term recognizes that the person is deaf and relies on non-verbal methods of communication. It respects their preferred mode of communication, which may include sign language, writing, or other assistive technologies.
Example: “Mary is deaf and non-verbal. She communicates effectively using sign language and written notes.”
Informal Ways to Refer to Individuals who are Deaf and Have Difficulty Speaking
1. Deaf and Speech-Impaired: This informal term acknowledges both their deafness and the challenges they face with speech. It recognizes that their ability to speak may be limited, but without using offensive language.
Example: “Alex is deaf and speech-impaired. He uses a combination of sign language and written communication to express himself.”
2. Deaf and Non-Speaking: This informal term respects the fact that the person is deaf and does not primarily rely on speech as a means of communication.
Example: “Linda is deaf and non-speaking. She communicates using sign language and facial expressions.”
Regional Variations
Language and culture influence the terms used to describe individuals who are deaf and have difficulty speaking. It’s important to recognize and understand these regional variations, but always prioritize using inclusive and respectful language.
American English:
The preferred term in American English is “deaf and hard of hearing.” This encompasses individuals who are completely deaf as well as those who have some residual hearing.
British English:
The most widely accepted term in British English is “deaf and speech impaired” or simply “deaf.” The focus is on acknowledging their deafness rather than using outdated language.
Australian English:
In Australian English, the commonly used term is “deaf and speech impaired.” This reflects the person’s deafness and their challenges with speech.
Tip: Always remember that people with disabilities are individuals, so it’s important to ask them how they prefer to be identified and respect their preferences. When in doubt, use person-first language, such as “a person who is deaf and has difficulty speaking,” to emphasize their personhood first.
Understanding the appropriate and respectful terms to use when referring to individuals who are deaf and have difficulty speaking is crucial to inclusive communication. By using respectful language, we can help create an inclusive society that acknowledges and respects all individuals, regardless of their abilities.
Remember, always prioritize the individual’s preferences and use person-first language when communicating about disabilities. Empathy, understanding, and inclusion matter!
