Learning how to express the concept of “broken” in Japanese can be incredibly helpful, whether you’re discussing a broken object, describing a situation, or even talking about a feeling. In this comprehensive guide, we will cover both formal and informal ways to say “broken” in Japanese, providing you with various tips, examples, and even regional variations. So, let’s dive right in!
Table of Contents
Formal Ways to Say “Broken”
When speaking formally or in a professional setting in Japanese, you may want to use more polite language to convey the idea of something being broken. Here are a few formal expressions:
- 壊れました (Kowaremashita) – This is the polite past tense form of the verb “kowareru” (to break). It is commonly used to describe broken objects or appliances. For example:
The vase 壊れました. (Kabin ga kowaremashita.)
- 故障しました (Koshō shimashita) – This phrase is often used in formal settings to describe technical malfunctions, such as a broken machine or device. For instance:
The printer 故障しました. (Purinta ga koshō shimashita.)
- ダメになりました (Dame ni narimashita) – “Dame” means “no good” or “useless” in Japanese, and adding the phrase “になりました” makes it polite. This expression is versatile and can be used to describe things that are broken, damaged, or simply not working anymore. For example:
The television ダメになりました. (Terebi ga dame ni narimashita.)
Informal Ways to Say “Broken”
When speaking with friends, family, or in more casual situations, you can use less formal language to express that something is broken. Here are some informal ways to do so:
- 壊れちゃった (Kowarechatta) – This is a contraction of the casual form “kowarete shimatta,” which means “it broke” or “it got broken.” It is commonly used in everyday conversation. For example:
The glass 壊れちゃった. (Glassu ga kowarechatta.)
- バラバラになっちゃった (Barabara ni nacchatta) – This phrase conveys the idea of something falling apart or breaking into pieces. It’s a more casual and expressive way to say that something is broken or shattered. For instance:
The smartphone screen バラバラになっちゃった. (Sumātofon no screen ga barabara ni nacchatta.)
- アウト (Auto) – This borrowing from English is often used in Japanese to mean “out of order” or “not working.” Although it has a broader meaning, it can also refer to something being broken or malfunctioning. For example:
The elevator is アウト. (Erebetaa ga auto.)
Regional Variations
While the expressions mentioned above are commonly understood throughout Japan, it’s worth noting that there might be some regional variations. However, these regional differences are minimal when it comes to the concept of “broken.” The examples provided earlier will be easily understood regardless of the region you find yourself in.
Summary
In summary, understanding how to say “broken” in Japanese is essential for everyday communication. When speaking formally, you can use phrases such as “壊れました” (Kowaremashita) or “故障しました” (Koshō shimashita). On the other hand, when in informal settings, phrases like “壊れちゃった” (Kowarechatta) or “バラバラになっちゃった” (Barabara ni nacchatta) are more appropriate.
Remember to adapt your language based on the level of formality, and don’t hesitate to use the examples provided to enhance your understanding of expressing “broken” in Japanese accurately. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to effortlessly discuss broken items, situations, or even personal feelings in Japanese!
