How to Say “What Is A” in French

qu'est-ce qu'un
The English phrase 'what is a' is translated into French as qu'est-ce qu'un.
This phrase is used to ask for the definition or the nature of a specific thing.

What does it mean word for word?

The form qu'est-ce qu'un is a contraction of qu'est-ce que, which means 'what is it that' and un, meaning 'a' or 'an'.

Which one should you use?

While qu'est-ce qu'un asks for the definition of a specific type of thing, the phrase Qu'est-ce que c'est ? is a general question used to identify an object in front of you.

How does it change in a sentence?

You must use qu'est-ce qu'une instead of qu'est-ce qu'un when the noun you are defining is feminine.

Did you know?

  • While qu'est-ce qu'un asks for a definition, simply swapping the word order to un [noun] est quoi ? is common in casual speech but would be considered a grammatical error in a classroom.
  • The use of the word ce in qu'est-ce que acts as a dummy subject, similar to how English uses 'it' in the sentence 'it is raining'.
  • If a French speaker is confused by the object you are asking about, they might respond with je ne vois pas de quoi tu parles, which means 'I do not see what you are talking about'.

Examples in context

  • Qu'est-ce qu'un fax ?
    What is a fax?
    This sentence is useful for asking for the definition of a fax using qu'est-ce qu'un.
    Tatoeba #3249794 by nimfeo, translation #3391091 by AlanF_US
  • Qu'est-ce qu'un dieu ?
    What is a god?
    This sentence is useful for asking for the definition of a god using qu'est-ce qu'un.
    Tatoeba #3845268 by Whidou, translation #1284782 by Vortarulo
  • Qu'est-ce qu'un ouragan ?
    What is a hurricane?
    This sentence is useful for asking for the definition of a hurricane using qu'est-ce qu'un.
    Tatoeba #6322847 by Yemana, translation #6321901 by nile45
  • Qu'est-ce qu'un écrivain?
    What is a writer?
  • Qu'est-ce qu'une pomme?
    What is an apple?
  • C'est quoi, un ami?
    What is a friend?
  • C'est quoi, une voiture?
    What is a car?
  • Qu'est-ce que c'est qu'un prof?
    What is a teacher?
  • Qu'est-ce qu'une fleur?
    What is a flower?
  • Qu'est-ce qu'un arbre?
    What is a tree?
  • Qu'est-ce qu'un ordinateur portable?
    What is a laptop?
  • 21 more sentences on Tatoeba

Example conversation

Emma is helping Hugo with his French homework.

  1. Hugo

    Qu'est-ce qu'un dictionnaire ?
    What is a dictionary?
  2. Emma

    C'est un livre qui explique les mots.
    It is a book that explains words.
  3. Hugo

    D'accord, merci Emma.
    Okay, thanks Emma.
  4. Emma

    De rien, Hugo.
    You're welcome, Hugo.

Sources

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Wendy Beverley
Wendy BeverleyHelp make this guide better. Spot a mistake, know another way to say it, or have an example from real life? Share it below.
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