Knowing how to express the concept of “very cold” in Japanese can come in handy not only during winter months but also in various situations where you need to describe low temperatures. Whether you’re visiting Japan or simply interested in learning the language, this comprehensive guide will teach you the formal and informal ways to say “very cold” in Japanese. Additionally, we will provide you with tips, examples, and even regional variations, if applicable.
Table of Contents
Formal Ways to Say “Very Cold”
When it comes to formal conversations, such as in professional settings or when speaking with elderly individuals, it’s essential to use polite and respectful language. Here are some phrases you can use to say “very cold” in a formal manner:
- 1. Samui desu – This is the most common and straightforward phrase to express “it’s cold” in a formal context. It can be used for both mild and severe cold weather.
- 2. Totemo samui desu – Adding “totemo” (very) before “samui” intensifies the coldness. This phrase can be used to emphasize how chilly it is.
- 3. Kyou wa hijou ni samui desu – If you want to emphasize the extremity of the coldness, this phrase is useful. “Hijou ni” translates to “extremely” or “exceptionally.”
- 4. Kogarashi ga fuiteru – This phrase specifically describes the cold wind blowing during winter. It’s a polite way to refer to the chilly wind making the temperature feel colder than it actually is.
Informal Ways to Say “Very Cold”
When speaking with friends, family, or in casual situations, you can use more relaxed and informal language to describe the cold. Here are some phrases you can use:
- 1. Samui – This is the informal equivalent of “samui desu” used in formal contexts. It is a general phrase used to express “it’s cold.”
- 2. Zettai samui – Adding “zettai” (absolutely) before “samui” increases the impact of the coldness. It’s a more colloquial way to say “it’s really cold.”
- 3. Hutoi samui – This phrase uses “hutoi” (freezing) instead of “samui” to emphasize the frigidness of the weather. It’s commonly used in casual conversations among friends.
- 4. Zan’nen na samui – “Zan’nen na” translates to “regrettably” or “unfortunately.” Adding it before “samui” creates a sense of disappointment about the weather being cold.
Regional Variations
Japan consists of diverse regions, each with its own unique dialects and phrases. While the phrases mentioned above will be universally understood, you might come across some regional variations. Here are a few examples:
Kansai region (including Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe):
- “Samuiya” – In the Kansai dialect, “ya” is often added to the end of words. Therefore, “yasui” (cheap) becomes “yasuiya,” and “samui” (cold) becomes “samuiya.”
Hokkaido region:
- “Reopuru” – In the Hokkaido dialect, “reopuru” is used instead of “samui” to mean “cold.”
These regional variations may not be necessary for everyday conversation, but they can be interesting to know, especially if you plan to travel or interact with people from specific regions of Japan.
Tips and Examples
To further enhance your understanding of expressing “very cold” in Japanese, here are some additional tips and examples:
- 1. Non-verbal Expressions: In addition to using words, you can also use non-verbal expressions to convey coldness. Shivering or rubbing your hands together while saying the phrase can help emphasize the temperature’s impact.
- 2. Seasonal Vocabulary: To enhance your conversations about the weather, familiarize yourself with seasonal vocabulary. For example, “fuyu” means winter, and “touku” refers to a heater. Utilizing these related words provides a more comprehensive understanding of the conversation.
- 3. Context Matters: Depending on the context, you may need to modify your phrase accordingly. For instance, when discussing the weather, a more general phrase like “samui desu” would suffice. However, if you’re specifically referring to an object being cold to touch, you can use “tsumetai” instead of “samui.”
Now, let’s see some examples of how to use the phrases mentioned in different contexts:
1. Informal conversation:
Person A: “Kyoto no fuyu wa dou desu ka?” (How is the winter in Kyoto?)
Person B: “Zettai samui yo! Kogarashi mo fuiteiru kara, totemo tsumetai desu.” (It’s absolutely cold! The winter wind is blowing, so it’s very chilly.)
2. Formal conversation:
Person A: “Kyou wa samui desu ne.” (It’s cold today, isn’t it?)
Person B: “Kyou wa hijou ni samui desu. Kogarashi ga fuiteimasu kara, jikan totte de soto ni deru toki wa ki o tsukete kudasai.” (It’s extremely cold today. Since the winter wind is blowing, please take care when going outside and manage your time.)
Conclusion
Congratulations! You’ve learned how to express “very cold” in Japanese using both formal and informal phrases. Remember to adapt your language based on the situation and the person you are speaking with. Additionally, you were introduced to regional variations, tips, and examples to enhance your understanding of the topic.
Keep practicing and exploring the Japanese language, and don’t hesitate to use these phrases when engaging in conversations about the cold weather. Stay warm!
