Japanese, a rich and expressive language, offers various ways to indicate the pronoun “they” depending on the desired level of formality and context. In this guide, we will explore the different options available, providing tips, examples, and shedding light on regional variations when applicable. So, whether you’re a language enthusiast, a traveler, or simply curious about Japanese, let’s dive into the fascinating world of “they” in this beautiful language.
Table of Contents
Formal Ways to Say “They”
Japanese is known for its distinct levels of politeness and formality, which greatly affect language use. When referring to “they” in a formal setting or with respect, the most commonly used pronoun is “kare-ra” (彼ら). “Kare-ra” is a plural form of the pronoun “kare” (彼), which means “he” or “him” in Japanese.
Example:
彼らは本を持っています。
Kare-ra wa hon o motte imasu.
(They have books.)
Informal Ways to Say “They”
In casual conversations and informal situations, the pronoun “they” in Japanese can be expressed using alternative forms. One of the most commonly used informal pronouns for “they” is “kare-tachi” (彼たち). It is derived from the singular pronoun “kare”, similar to “kare-ra” in the formal context.
Example:
彼たちは友達です。
Kare-tachi wa tomodachi desu.
(They are friends.)
Using Gender-Neutral Pronouns
It is worth noting that the Japanese language doesn’t have a dedicated gender-neutral pronoun equivalent to “they” in English. However, “kare-tachi” can be employed when the gender of the group is unknown or irrelevant.
Regional Variations
Japan consists of various dialects, each with its unique pronunciation and vocabulary. While the pronouns mentioned above are widely used across Japan, regional variations may exist. For instance, in the Kansai dialect, which is spoken in the western region including cities such as Osaka and Kyoto, people often use “ko-ra” (こら) or “ko-raa” (こらー) instead of “kare-tachi” in casual speech.
Example:
こら、待ってよ！
Kora, matte yo!
(Hey, wait!)
Tips for Usage
When it comes to using pronouns in Japanese, there are a few tips worth considering:
- Context matters: Japanese is a context-dependent language, so sometimes the pronoun “they” can be omitted entirely if it is clear from the context. Pay attention to the conversation and adapt accordingly.
- Pay attention to hierarchy: Be aware of the social dynamics and the relative status of the people you are referring to. It may require different pronouns depending on the situation.
- Practice politeness: Japanese culture greatly values politeness and respect. When in doubt, it is better to err on the side of caution and opt for more formal expressions.
- Learn from examples: One of the most effective ways to enhance your understanding of language usage is through exposure to examples. Expose yourself to Japanese media, conversations, and language resources to observe how locals use pronouns in different situations.
In Conclusion
Expressing the pronoun “they” in Japanese requires attention to formality, context, and regional variations. Remember, “kare-ra” is commonly used in formal situations, while “kare-tachi” serves as a suitable informal equivalent. Although Japanese lacks a dedicated gender-neutral pronoun, “kare-tachi” can be used when gender is unknown or irrelevant. Paying attention to context, hierarchy, and practicing politeness will contribute to your fluency and appropriate language use. Enjoy immersing yourself in the rich linguistic and cultural landscape of the Japanese language!
