Gaining the ability to express time in a foreign language is essential for effective communication. The Korean language offers diverse ways to convey time depending on formality and the speakers’ relationship. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore both formal and informal ways to express time in Korean. Let’s dive in!
Table of Contents
Formal Expressions
Formal expressions are used in professional and formal settings. They are also appropriate when speaking to elders or those of higher social status. Here are some examples:
1. Using Numbers:
The simplest way to express time in Korean is by using numbers. For instance:
Example: 1:00 PM – 오전 1시 (오전 일시)
9:30 AM – 오전 9시 30분 (오전 아홉시 서른분)
2. Using Sino-Korean Numbers:
Sino-Korean numbers are based on Chinese characters and are commonly used for formal expressions in Korean. Take a look at these examples:
Example: 2:15 PM – 오후 2시 15분 (오후 이시 십오분)
7:45 AM – 오전 7시 45분 (오전 칠시 사십오분)
Informal Expressions
Informal expressions are suitable for casual conversations among friends, peers, or those of similar social status. Let’s explore informal ways to express time in Korean:
1. Using Pure Korean Numbers:
In informal settings, Koreans often use pure Korean numbers to express time. Here are some examples:
Example: 3:20 PM – 오후 셋 시 이십 분 (오후 셋 시 이십 분)
11:55 AM – 오전 열한 시 오십오 분 (오전 열한 시 오십오 분)
2. Using Approximations:
Informally, Koreans sometimes use approximations to express time. This is common in colloquial speech. Check out these examples:
Example: 5:45 PM – 저녁 6시 정도 (저녁 여섯시 정도)
10:10 AM – 아홉시 반 정도 (아홉시 반 정도)
Additional Tips:
1. AM and PM:
In Korean, you can use “오전” (ojeon) for AM (before noon) and “오후” (ohoo) for PM (afternoon and evening). Always mention either “오전” or “오후” before stating the hour.
2. Minutes:
To express minutes in Korean, use “분” (bun) after the number of minutes. For example, “3분” means three minutes.
3. Half-Past and Quarter-to:
When it’s half-past the hour, you can say “반” (ban) after the hour. Similarly, when it’s quarter-to the next hour, use “십오분 전” (shipobun jeon) after the hour. For example, “한 시 반” means half-past one, and “두 시 십오분 전” means quarter-to two.
Summary
Mastering the different ways of expressing time in Korean is crucial for effective communication. Remember to use the formal expressions when necessary, especially in professional environments or when speaking with individuals higher in social status. Informal expressions are perfect for casual conversations and interactions with friends. With these examples and tips in mind, you’ll be well-equipped to comfortably discuss time in Korean.
