Guide: How to Say “No” and “Yes” in Japanese

Learning how to say “no” and “yes” in Japanese is essential for effective communication and demonstrating politeness. In this guide, we will explore the various ways to express affirmations and refusals in both formal and informal contexts. Let’s dive in!

Formal Expressions:

When addressing someone formally, whether it’s a superior, acquaintance, or someone you’ve just met, it’s important to use proper honorific language. Here are some formal expressions for saying “no” and “yes” in Japanese:

Saying “No” in Formal Settings:

1. いいえ (Iie) – This is the most common and general way of saying “no” in Japanese. It’s polite and appropriate for most situations.
2. 結構です (Kekkō desu) – This translates to “No, thank you” or “I’m fine, thank you.” It conveys a polite refusal while maintaining courtesy.
3. 恐れ入りますが (Osore irimasu ga) – This phrase is used to politely decline a request or invitation, and can be translated as “I’m sorry, but…”

Saying “Yes” in Formal Settings:

1. はい (Hai) – This is the most common way of saying “yes” in Japanese formal contexts. It is used to show agreement or acknowledgement.
2. 結構です (Kekkō desu) – Just like when saying “no,” “結構です” can also be used to politely accept an offer or invitation.
3. 承知しました (Shōchi shimashita) – This phrase translates to “I understand” or “I got it.” It is often used to formally confirm understanding or agreement.

Informal Expressions:

Informal expressions are used when communicating with close friends, family members, or those of a similar age group. While they may lack the strict politeness of formal language, they are essential for building connections. Here are some ways to say “no” and “yes” informally:

Saying “No” in Informal Settings:

1. いや (Iya) – This is a casual way of saying “no” and is often used amongst friends or acquaintances. It can be translated as “nah” or “not really.”
2. 違うよ (Chigau yo) – When you want to say “no” more emphatically, this phrase comes in handy. It translates to “That’s not it!” or “That’s not true!”
3. ちょっと (Chotto) – This expression can be used to indicate a slight reluctance or hesitation. It can be translated as “kind of” or “sort of.”

Saying “Yes” in Informal Settings:

1. うん (Un) – This is a very casual way of saying “yes” in Japanese. It is commonly used among friends and peers, similar to how “yeah” is used in English.
2. そうだよ (Sō da yo) – It translates to “That’s right” or “Exactly.” This expression is used to agree or confirm something informally.
3. わかった (Wakatta) – This phrase simply means “I understand” and can be used to acknowledge and agree with something in an informal setting.

While these are some common ways to say “no” and “yes” in Japanese, it’s important to note that regional variations may exist. For effective communication, it’s best to adapt and learn from locals when encountering specific regional dialects.

Tips for Polite Communication:

When learning to say “no” and “yes” in Japanese, keep the following tips in mind:

1. Politeness is highly valued in Japanese culture, so always strive to use polite expressions, particularly in formal settings.
2. Use honorific language and proper titles when addressing someone of higher status or age.
3. Pay attention to non-verbal cues and body language, as they play a vital role in communication. Maintain proper eye contact and use appropriate bowing gestures when required.
4. When unsure, it’s better to err on the side of caution and be more polite rather than too casual.

Example Dialogue:

Formal:
A: お時間はありますか？(O-jikan wa arimasu ka?) – Do you have time?
B: 恐れ入りますが、今はちょっと忙しいです。(Osore irimasu ga, ima wa chotto isogashii desu.) – I’m sorry, but I’m a little busy now.

Informal:
A: ケーキを食べる？(Kēki o taberu?) – Do you want to eat cake?
B: いや、今日はダイエット中だから。(Iya, kyō wa daietto chū dakara.) – Nah, I’m on a diet today.

With these expressions and tips, you’re now equipped to confidently say “no” and “yes” in Japanese. Practice, be respectful, and enjoy building meaningful connections through language!