Hello there! Learning how to express “must not” in Japanese is an essential part of mastering the language. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore different formal and informal ways to convey this concept in Japanese. We’ll also provide useful tips and examples along the way. Let’s begin!
Table of Contents
Formal Expressions for “Must Not”
In formal settings, it’s crucial to use appropriate language to convey “must not” in Japanese. Here are some formal expressions you can employ:
1. してはいけません (shite wa ikemasen)
This phrase is commonly used to express “must not” in formal situations. It is formed by conjugating the verb with the て-form, then adding はいけません to the end. For example:
私はそれを食べてはいけません。
(Watashi wa sore o tabete wa ikemasen)
I must not eat that.
2. してはなりません (shite wa narimasen)
Similar to the previous expression, this formal phrase is used when emphasizing prohibition. It is constructed by conjugating the verb with the て-form, followed by はなりません. Here’s an example:
彼女に嘘をついてはなりません。
(Kanojo ni uso o tsuite wa narimasen)
I must not lie to her.
Informal Expressions for “Must Not”
Using informal expressions can be suitable in casual conversations with friends, family, or colleagues you have a close relationship with. Here are a couple of informal phrases you can utilize:
1. してはいけない (shite wa ikenai)
This expression is used in informal contexts and follows a similar structure to the formal expression. Simply conjugate the verb with the て-form and add はいけない. Take a look at an example:
それを食べてはいけないよ。
(Sore o tabete wa ikenai yo)
You must not eat that.
2. してはだめ (shite wa dame)
Another informal phrase used extensively is してはだめ. This expression is straightforward to use and can be employed in various situations:
彼に連絡してはだめだよ。
(Kare ni renraku shite wa dame da yo)
You must not contact him.
Additional Tips and Examples
To further clarify the usage of “must not” in Japanese, here are some handy tips and additional examples:
Tips:
- Always remember to use the appropriate verb form, such as the て-form, before adding the phrase for “must not”.
- Pay attention to the social setting and relationship you have with the person you are communicating with. Choosing between formal and informal expressions is essential.
- When in doubt, it’s better to use more polite language, especially in unfamiliar situations or with individuals you meet for the first time.
Examples:
- She must not touch the equipment. – 彼女はその機械に触ってはいけません。(Kanojo wa sono kikai ni sawatte wa ikemasen)
- We must not forget to lock the door. – ドアに鍵をかけてはなりません。(Doa ni kagi o kakete wa narimasen)
- You must not enter this area. – このエリアに入ってはいけない。(Kono eria ni haitte wa ikenai)
- They must not talk during the movie. – 映画中に話してはだめです。(Eiga chuu ni hanashite wa dame desu)
Remember, practicing these expressions in different situations will help solidify your understanding and usage of “must not” in Japanese. Take your time with the examples and make them a part of your daily language practice. Happy learning!
