Gaining basic knowledge of how to express time is vital when learning a new language, and Japanese is no exception. In this guide, we will delve into how to say “AM” or “PM” in Japanese, covering formal and informal ways of expressing time. We will also provide you with numerous tips, examples, and even touch on regional variations when necessary. So let’s get started!
Table of Contents
Formal Expressions: AM and PM
When it comes to formal situations or more polite contexts, the Japanese language offers specific phrases to indicate “AM” and “PM”. These phrases are used in various settings, such as formal conversations, business encounters, or when speaking with strangers.
1. 午前 (ごぜん) – Gozen
Example: 10 AM in Japanese is 午前10時 (ごぜんじゅうじ).
The word “午前” (Gozen) represents the AM hours in Japanese. To specify the time, combine it with the appropriate numeral and add “時” (ji) to indicate the hour.
2. 午後 (ごご) – Gogo
Example: 7 PM in Japanese is 午後7時 (ごごしちじ).
The term “午後” (Gogo) is used to express the PM hours in Japanese. Similar to “午前” (Gozen), simply combine the phrase with the relevant numeral and append “時” (ji) to represent the hour.
Informal Expressions: AM and PM
In casual or informal settings, Japanese people tend to use shorter and more relaxed expressions for indicating the time. These expressions are commonly found in everyday conversations among friends, family, or peers. Let’s explore the informal ways of saying “AM” and “PM”.
1. 朝 (あさ) – Asa
Example: 9 AM in Japanese can be expressed as 朝9時 (あさくじ) or 9時 (くじ).
The term “朝” (Asa) is informally used to refer to the morning hours, particularly from 6 AM to 11 AM. It is acceptable to omit the “時” (ji) after the numeral, making it even more casual.
2. 夕方 (ゆうがた) – Yuugata
Example: 6 PM in Japanese can be expressed as 夕方6時 (ゆうがたろくじ) or 6時 (ろくじ).
When referring to the evening hours, typically from 6 PM to 11 PM, Japanese people use the phrase “夕方” (Yuugata). Similar to the casual usage of “朝” (Asa), you can omit “時” (ji) after the numeral in informal contexts.
Tips for Using AM and PM in Japanese
Here are some additional tips to keep in mind when using AM and PM expressions in Japanese:
- Context Matters: Always consider the context of the conversation to determine if the formal or informal expressions are more appropriate.
- 24-Hour Clock: While the above examples use the 12-hour clock format, it’s important to note that Japan primarily uses the 24-hour clock system.
- Be Mindful of Regional Variations: Although not extensively covered in this guide, it’s worth mentioning that regional variations can exist when it comes to time expressions. For example, some dialects may use different terms or pronunciations.
Conclusion
Congratulations! You now have a solid understanding of how to express “AM” and “PM” in Japanese. In formal situations, remember to use “午前” (Gozen) for AM and “午後” (Gogo) for PM. In informal contexts, you can opt for “朝” (Asa) for the morning hours and “夕方” (Yuugata) for the evening hours. Don’t forget to take into account the surrounding context and consider regional variations where necessary.
By mastering these expressions, you’ll be able to confidently communicate time-related information in Japanese, expanding your abilities to participate in various conversations and interactions. Keep practicing, and enjoy your language learning journey!
