Finnish

About Finnish

Finnish is spoken by about 5.4 million people as a first language, almost all of them in Finland, where it is an official language together with Swedish. It is also an official minority language in Sweden. Finnish is a Uralic language, related to Estonian and more distantly to Hungarian, and not to its Scandinavian neighbours.

Finnish is spelled almost exactly as it sounds, and the stress always falls on the first syllable. Length matters: a doubled vowel or consonant is held longer and can change the meaning, so tuli means fire and tuuli means wind. The letters ä and ö are separate vowels, like the a in "cat" and the ur in "fur" without the r. Finns use the familiar sinä for "you" with most people, and the formal te is kept for very formal situations.

FamilyUralic, Finnic
Native speakersabout 5.4 million (2012)
Official inFinland
ScriptLatin alphabet
Codesfi (ISO 639-1), fin (ISO 639-3)

Speaker number: Ethnologue (2012), via Wikidata. Retrieved 26 September 2026.

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