How to Say "Diabetes" in Japanese

糖尿病

tōnyōbyō[to̞ːɲ̟o̞ːbʲo̞ː]

The Japanese word for diabetes is 糖尿病 (tōnyōbyō).

The term refers to a group of metabolic diseases.

Meaning: A group of metabolic diseases (noun)

What does it mean word for word?

The word 糖尿病 is composed of the characters for sugar (糖), urine (尿) and disease (病).

By adding the particle の to 糖尿病, you can use it to function as an adjective, such as in the phrase 糖尿病の患者 (diabetic patient).

tōnyōbyō

Because 糖尿病 is a technical term, patients in Japan may use the phrase 血糖値が高い ('my blood sugar is high') to avoid the stigma of naming the disease.
In casual Japanese conversation, people often refer to the condition as 糖尿 ('tōnyō') instead of the full medical term 糖尿病 ('tōnyōbyō').
Japanese medical terminology often uses the suffix 病 ('byō') for diseases, but when a condition is viewed as a 'syndrome' rather than a 'disease', the word 症候群 ('shōkōgun') is used instead.

糖尿病なんです。
I have diabetes.
This sentence is useful for stating that you have 糖尿病.
Tatoeba #123920 by bunbuku, translation #280075 by CK
11月14日は世界糖尿病デーです。
World Diabetes Day is on the 14th November.
This sentence is useful for mentioning World Diabetes Day using 糖尿病.
Tatoeba #2718482 by tommy_san, translation #5545250 by Rawrren
血糖が高い状態を糖尿病と呼びます。
It's called diabetes when a person has too much sugar in the blood.
This sentence is useful for explaining the medical definition of 糖尿病.
Tatoeba #11453640 by small_snow, translation #10366222 by AlanF_US
私の祖父は糖尿病です。
My grandfather has diabetes.
糖尿って本当に辛いんだよね。
Diabetes can be really tough.
4 more sentences on Tatoeba

Ren and Misaki are talking about health and diet.

蓮 Ren

甘いものを食べすぎると、糖尿病になりますよ。
Amai mono o tabesugiru to, tōnyōbyō ni narimasu yo.
If you eat too many sweets, you'll get diabetes.
美咲 Misaki

怖いですね。気をつけます。
Kowai desu ne. Ki o tsukemasu.
That's scary. I'll be careful.
蓮 Ren

僕の祖父も糖尿病で苦労しています。
Boku no sofu mo tōnyōbyō de kurō shite imasu.
My grandfather is also struggling with diabetes.
美咲 Misaki

おじいさんは大丈夫ですか。
Ojiisan wa daijōbu desu ka.
Is your grandfather doing okay?

Sources

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