Learning how to express the concept of “based on” in Japanese is crucial for effective communication. Whether you’re traveling, studying the language, or simply have an interest in Japanese culture, understanding the various ways to convey this idea will greatly enhance your language skills. In this guide, we will explore formal and informal expressions of “based on” in Japanese, highlighting any regional variations that may arise. Let’s delve into the intricacies of this essential phrase, providing you with numerous tips and examples along the way.
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Formal Expressions:
When communicating in formal settings or addressing people with whom you are not closely acquainted, it’s important to use the appropriate level of politeness. Here are two formal expressions you can use to convey “based on” in Japanese:
- に基づいて (ni motozuite) – This is the most commonly used formal expression for “based on.” It’s helpful to note that “ni” is a particle used to indicate a point in time or place, while “motozuite” is a verb phrase meaning “based on” or “due to.”
- に基づき (ni motozuki) – This expression is often used interchangeably with the first one. The particle “ni” once again indicates a point in time or place, while “motozuki” serves as the verb phrase for “based on.”
Here are a few examples of how you can use these formal expressions in everyday conversations:
このレポートは最新の研究に基づいています。
(Kono repōto wa saishin no kenkyū ni motozuiteimasu.)
This report is based on the latest research.今回の決定は法律に基づきました。
(Konkai no kettei wa hōritsu ni motozukimashita.)
This decision was based on the law.
Informal Expressions:
In casual conversations, informal expressions are commonly used and they help create a more relaxed atmosphere. Here are two informal ways to express “based on” in Japanese:
- を基にして (o moto ni shite) – This phrase is often used in casual conversations to mean “based on.” “O” is a particle that marks the direct object, “moto” means “base,” and “ni shite” serves as a verb phrase meaning “by” or “based on.”
- に基づいて (ni motozuite) – Although this is a formal expression, it can also be used in more relaxed situations when expressing “based on.” It carries the same meaning as mentioned earlier.
Take a look at these examples to better understand the usage of informal expressions:
彼の小説は実際の出来事を基にしています。
(Kare no shōsetsu wa jissai no dekigoto o moto ni shiteimasu.)
His novel is based on actual events.映画のストーリーは彼女の経験に基づいているんだ。
(Eiga no sutōrī wa kanojo no keiken ni motozuite irun da.)
The story of the movie is based on her experience.
Regional Variations:
While the expressions mentioned above are understood and commonly used throughout Japan, it’s important to note that there can be slight variations in different regions. However, these regional differences are relatively minor and do not affect the overall understanding of the phrase “based on.” Therefore, for practical purposes, learning the expressions mentioned earlier will serve you well in any region of the country.
In conclusion, understanding how to express “based on” in Japanese is essential for effective communication and cultural immersion. By mastering the formal and informal expressions provided in this guide, you will be equipped to navigate a wide range of situations. Remember to practice using these phrases in context and gradually incorporate them into your conversations. Happy learning!
