Learning how to say “what” in Russian is an essential step in mastering the language. In this guide, we will explore both the formal and informal ways of expressing this question word. Additionally, we may touch upon regional variations if necessary. Whether you’re planning a trip to Russia or simply want to expand your language skills, these tips and examples will help you communicate effectively in different situations.
Table of Contents
Formal Ways of Saying “What” in Russian
In formal settings, it’s important to use polite language. Here are a few formal ways to say “what” in Russian:
1. Что (Chto)
The most basic and widely used translation for “what” is “что” (chto). It is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as asking for information or clarification. For example:
Formal: Что вы сказали? (Chto vy skazali?) – What did you say?
2. Какой (Kakoj)
In certain situations, when “what” refers to a specific thing or object, you can use “какой” (kakoj). However, keep in mind that this word is used to inquire about the qualities or characteristics of something. For example:
Formal: Какой у вас автомобиль? (Kakoj u vas avtomobil?) – What kind of car do you have?
Informal Ways of Saying “What” in Russian
In casual and familiar settings, you can use less formal expressions to say “what” in Russian. These phrases reflect a more relaxed, everyday tone:
1. Чё (Chyo)
The informal version of “what” is “чё” (chyo). It is widely used in spoken conversational Russian. When using this form, keep in mind that it is considered less polite than the formal alternatives. Here’s an example:
Informal: Чё ты делаешь? (Chyo ty delayesh?) – What are you doing?
2. Чего (Chego)
Similar to “чё,” the word “чего” (chego) is commonly used in informal speech. It is often used when referring to something that is missing or unattainable. Here’s an example:
Informal: Чего у вас нет? (Chego u vas net?) – What don’t you have?
Additional Tips and Examples
Now that we’ve explored the formal and informal ways of saying “what” in Russian, let’s dive into a few additional tips and examples to strengthen your understanding:
1. Context Matters
Learning a language also involves understanding the context in which certain words or phrases are used. Pay attention to the situations in which you hear native speakers say “what” and try to mimic their usage.
2. Non-Verbal Communication
In Russian culture, non-verbal communication plays a vital role. Facial expressions and gestures can convey different meanings. When asking “what,” try to match your facial expression and tone of voice to the situation.
3. Practice makes perfect
To become proficient in using these expressions, practice regularly. Engage in conversations with native speakers, watch Russian movies or TV shows, and listen to Russian music. This exposure will help you become comfortable with the language.
Remember, mastering a new language takes time and patience. Keep practicing and don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Native speakers will appreciate your effort to learn their language and will be more than willing to help you.
With these tips and examples, you’ll be well on your way to confidently using the Russian word for “what” in both formal and informal situations. Enjoy your language learning journey!
