отхо́ды
otxódymasculine, plural
The English word 'waste' (referring to useless by-products or garbage) is translated into Russian as отхо́ды (otxódy). If unsure, use отхо́ды. Wiktionary also lists отбро́сы (otbrósy).
Meaning: useless by-products, garbage (noun)
Ways to say it
| Russian | Romanization (Wiktionary) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| отхо́ды | otxódy | masculine, plural |
| отбро́сы | otbrósy | masculine, plural |
The term отхо́ды is a general and neutral way to describe waste. When you need to be more specific, отбро́сы is used to refer to industrial waste, particularly residues from manufacturing or production.
Which one should you use?
отхо́ды is the technical or neutral choice when referring to industrial, chemical or technical waste and by-products. In contrast, отбро́сы is used for discarded scraps or, when used metaphorically, to describe the 'scum' or 'dregs' of society.
Related words
How does it change in a sentence?
In most contexts, the default form отхо́ды is a plural-only noun, meaning it does not have a singular form for 'waste'.
How do you pronounce it?
otxódy
Did you know?
- When Russians talk about 'wasting' time or money, they do not use these words at all. Instead, they use the verb тратить, which means 'to spend'.
- In a historical context, отхо́жие referred to seasonal workers who left their villages for the city. This shares the same root as отхо́ды, as both involve 'departing' from a home base.
- Russian has a specific term ТБО which stands for твёрдые бытовые отходы. You will see this acronym on almost every official garbage bin and waste management truck in Russia.
Examples in context
- Сортировка отходов – важный экологический процессSorting waste is an essential ecological process
- Компания активно работает над утилизацией промышленных отбросовThe company is actively working on industrial waste disposal
- Необходимо избегать излишков при использовании ресурсовIt is necessary to avoid waste when using resources
- Компания стремится сократить расходы на энергию и минимизировать отходыThe company aims to reduce energy expenses and minimize waste
- Не выбрасывай мусор на улицеDo not throw trash on the streets
- Моя комната всегда полна хламаMy room is always full of junk
- Не трать зря свои усилия на ненужные вещиDon't waste your efforts on unnecessary things
Example conversation
Dmitry and Ekaterina are cleaning the kitchen together.
- Дмитрий DmitryЕкатерина, где бак для отхо́дов?Ekaterina, gde bak dlya otkhodov?Ekaterina, where is the waste bin?
- Екатерина EkaterinaОн стоит в углу кухни.On stoit v uglu kukhni.It is standing in the corner of the kitchen.
- Дмитрий DmitryЯ сейчас вынесу все эти отхо́ды.Ya seychas vynesu vse eti otkhody.I will take all this waste out now.
- Екатерина EkaterinaСпасибо, Дмитрий, так будет лучше.Spasibo, Dmitriy, tak budet luchshe.Thanks, Dmitry, that will be better.
Sources
- Wiktionary, “waste” translations, CC BY-SA 4.0, dump of 2026-09-26.
