How to Say "Training" in Japanese

トレーニング

torēningu[to̞ɾe̞ːɲ̟ĩŋɡɯ̟]

The English word "training" can be translated into Japanese as トレーニング (torēningu) or 訓練.

Meaning: the activity of imparting and acquiring skills (noun)

Ways to say it

“training” in Japanese
Japanese	Romanization (Wiktionary)	IPA
トレーニング	torēningu	[to̞ɾe̞ːɲ̟ĩŋɡɯ̟] (narrow)
訓練	kunren	[kɯ̟̃n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ] (narrow)

The term refers to the activity of imparting or acquiring skills.

訓練 is used for formal, disciplined or technical training such as military, emergency or professional skill training.

torēningu

While トレーニング is a loanword used for sports, the word 修行 (shugyō) is often used to describe the intense, spiritual training of a master and apprentice in arts like martial arts or tea ceremony.
In a business context, you might hear the word 研修 (kenshū) instead of 訓練. While both mean training, 研修 implies professional development and study, whereas 訓練 can sound like repetitive drills or even animal conditioning.
If you are training for a physical fitness goal, you might use the phrase 筋トレ (kintore), which is a contraction of 'muscle training'. It is much more common in daily conversation than the full word トレーニング.

あの学校で訓練を受けたんです。
I was given training in that school.
This sentence uses 訓練 to describe receiving training at a school.
Tatoeba #11257763 by bunbuku, translation #29005 by CM
私は懸命にトレーニングして試合に備えた。
I prepared for the game by training hard.
This sentence uses トレーニング to describe training hard for a game.
Tatoeba #157303 by bunbuku, translation #257230 by CM
そこでの訓練には、緊急時の手順や戦術的な銃器の扱い方が含まれる。
The training there includes emergency procedures and tactical firearm handling.
This sentence uses 訓練 to describe the contents of technical or emergency training.
Tatoeba #11028052 by KK_kaku_, translation #12613034 by urro
社員たちは、職業教育の過程で様々なスキルを学びます。
During their professional training, the employees learn various skills.
選手たちは国際大会に向けて厳しいトレーニングを行います。
Athletes undergo rigorous training to prepare for international competitions.
会社は新入社員のキャリア開発のため、集中的な研修を提供します。
The company provides intensive training to new recruits for their career development.
若き修行僧は隠れた山寺への修行の旅に出ました。
The young monk went on a spiritual training journey to a secluded mountain temple.
3 more sentences on Tatoeba

At a fitness gym, two friends are talking about their routines.

美咲 Misaki

今日のトレーニングはきつかったね。
Kyou no toreeningu wa kitsukatta ne.
Today's training was tough, wasn't it?
陽太 Yota

そうだね、でもすごく達成感があるよ。
Sou da ne, demo sugoku tasseikan ga aru yo.
Yeah, but it's very rewarding.
美咲 Misaki

陽太くんは、週に何回トレーニングしてるの？
Youta-kun wa, shuu ni nankai toreeningu shiteru no?
How many times a week do you do training, Youta?
陽太 Yota

だいたい週に三回かな。
Daitai shuu ni sankai kana.
About three times a week, I guess.

Sources

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