つまり
tsumari
The English phrase 'it means' can be expressed in Japanese using つまり (tsumari).
つまり is a phrase used to introduce a simplified explanation or a conclusion based on what was just said. It is frequently used at the beginning of a sentence to provide a simplified summary or to clarify a complex preceding statement.
What does it mean word for word?
Metaphorically, it suggests that a previous long-winded explanation is being 'bottled up' or condensed into a single point, literally meaning 'in short' or 'in other words'.
Which one should you use?
While つまり focuses on rephrasing a concept to make it clearer, 要するに is used more specifically to summarize a long list of points or a lengthy argument into a concise conclusion.
Is it said differently in some regions?
The variation ～っちゅう意味 is a regional way to express 'it means'.
How do you pronounce it?
tsumari
Did you know?
- Using つまり too frequently in a professional Japanese presentation can be perceived as condescending, as it implies the listener failed to understand the first explanation.
- While つまり is common in speech, you will often see it written in manga or light novels as つまり… with an ellipsis to create a dramatic pause before a shocking revelation.
- Japanese distinguishes between rephrasing a thought with つまり and providing a formal dictionary definition using the structure ～とは～のことだ. The latter is required for academic or technical definitions.
Examples in context
- つまり、この花瓶を尿瓶の代わりに使えってことか？It means that I can use the flower vase instead of a pee bottle?This sentence demonstrates how to use つまり to clarify a specific meaning or implication.Tatoeba #76548 by mookeee, translation #12626404 by urro
- 絵文字の「笑顔」は幸せを 表します 。The "smiling face" emoji represents happiness.
- 「愛」の 意味は「愛情」です 。The meaning of "love" is "affection".
- 「テクノロジー」 って何 ？What does "technology" mean?
- 「引っ越す」 っていう意味 は新しい場所に移ること。The meaning of "hikkosu" is to move to a new place.
- つまり、君は明日来られないってこと？Tsumari, kimi wa ashita korarenai tte koto?So, it means you can't come tomorrow?
Example conversation
Two friends are talking about a change in plans.
- 健太 Kenta予定が変わったみたいだよ。Yotei ga kawatta mitai da yo.It looks like the plans have changed.
- 美咲 Misakiつまり、イベントは中止なの？Tsumari, ibento wa chuushi na no?So, it means the event is cancelled?
- 健太 Kentaいや、延期になっただけだよ。Iya, enki ni natta dake da yo.No, it was just postponed.
- 美咲 Misakiそれなら安心したよ。Sorenara anshin shita yo.In that case, I'm relieved.
Sources
- Pronunciation: Wiktionary entry つまり, CC BY-SA 4.0, dump of 2026-09-26.
- Example sentences: Tatoeba CC BY 2.0 FR.
