и так далее
i tak daleye
The English phrase "etc" is expressed in Russian as и так далее (i tak daleye).
The phrase is used at the end of a list to indicate that there are other similar items not mentioned.
What does it mean word for word?
Literally, и так далее translates to "and so further" or "and so on".
Which one should you use?
The abbreviation и т. д. is the standard written equivalent of the English "etc.".
How does it change in a sentence?
In spoken Russian, the full phrase и так далее is used, whereas in formal writing, the abbreviated и т. д. is preferred.
How do you pronounce it?
i tak daleye
Did you know?
- To sound even more exhaustive, Russian speakers often extend the phrase to и так далее и тому подобное, which translates to 'and so on and so forth'.
- In formal Russian typography, the abbreviation for 'etc.', written as и т. д, must include a space after each dot. Writing it as и.т.д. without spaces is considered a punctuation error.
- The phrase и так далее treats a list like a physical path, as далее is part of a Russian word family specifically used to describe distance.
Examples in context
- В магазине продаются яблоки, груши и так далее.V magazine prodayutsya yabloki, grushi i tak daleye.The shop sells apples, pears, etc.
- Нам нужно купить тетради, ручки и так далее.Nam nuzhno kupit' tetradi, ruchki i tak daleye.We need to buy notebooks, pens, etc.
- В лесу растут грибы, ягоды и так далее.V lesu rastut griby, yagody i tak daleye.Mushrooms, berries, etc. grow in the forest.
Example conversation
Alexander and Anastasia are discussing what to prepare for a picnic.
- Александр AleksandrЧто нам взять на пикник?Chto nam vzyat' na piknik?What should we take to the picnic?
- Анастасия AnastasiaНужно взять сок, воду, фрукты и так далее.Nuzhno vzyat' sok, vodu, frukty i tak daleye.We need to take juice, water, fruit, etc.
- Александр AleksandrХорошо, я куплю всё это.Khorosho, ya kuplyu vsyo eto.Okay, I will buy all of that.
- Анастасия AnastasiaСпасибо, Александр.Spasibo, Aleksandr.Thank you, Alexander.
