द्वारा
dvārā
The English word "by" can be translated into Hindi as द्वारा (dvārā).
द्वारा is used to indicate a means.
Meaning: indicates a means (prep)
Which one should you use?
While द्वारा is used for formal agency, such as saying "by the government", the more common preposition से is used when referring to physical means or tools, such as "by bus" or "with a pen".
Is there a formal and an informal way to say it?
द्वारा is a formal way to express "by" and is most frequently encountered in written text, news or official documents. Another formal option is the postposition के माध्यम से.
How does it change in a sentence?
The word द्वारा is typically used with the instrumental case or to indicate the agent in a passive construction.
How do you pronounce it?
dvārā
Did you know?
- The word द्वारा originates from the Sanskrit word for 'door' or 'gateway'. In this context, saying something was done 'by' someone is conceptually like saying it came 'through the door' of that person.
- In passive sentences, द्वारा is often omitted entirely if the agent is obvious, whereas in English the 'by [someone]' phrase is frequently kept for clarity.
- While द्वारा is formal, using it in a casual conversation with friends can sound unintentionally robotic or like you are reading from a legal contract.
Examples in context
- यह पुस्तक अमित द्वारा लिखी गई है।This book is written by Amit.
- इस वार्षिक सम्मेलन समिति द्वारा आयोजित किया जाएगा।This annual conference will be organized by the committee.
- सरकार द्वाराBy the government
- हम बस द्वारा यात्रा करेंगे।Hum bus dwara yatra karenge.We will travel by bus.
Example conversation
Aditya and Priya are discussing how to send a large package.
- आदित्य Adityaआप यह पार्सल कैसे भेजेंगी?Aap yah parcel kaise bhejengi?How will you send this parcel?
- प्रिया Priyaमैं इसे कूरियर द्वारा भेजूँगी।Main ise courier dvara bhejungi.I will send it by courier.
- आदित्य Adityaक्या यह सुरक्षित तरीका है?Kya yah surakshit tarika hai?Is this a safe method?
- प्रिया Priyaहाँ, यह सबसे अच्छा तरीका है।Haan, yah sabse accha tarika hai.Yes, this is the best way.
Sources
- Word origins: Wiktionary entries द्वारा, CC BY-SA 4.0.
