How to Say "Burp" in Japanese

げっぷする

geppu suru

To burp in Japanese is to say げっぷする (geppu suru). Wiktionary also lists うっぷする (uppu suru) and おくびする (okubi suru).

Meaning: to emit a burp (verb)

Ways to say it

The primary way to express the action of burping is with the verb げっぷする. If you wish to refer to the burp itself as a noun, you can use げっぷ.

The verb げっぷする is the most common and neutral way to say 'to burp'. Other forms exist, such as うっぷする, おくびする and 噫気する.

geppu suru

The kanji used in the formal version 噫気 (ikki) are quite rare and difficult to read in daily life. Most Japanese people will recognize the concept of burping through the phonetic げっぷ rather than seeing these complex characters.
Unlike in some Western cultures where a burp might be a sign of appreciation after a meal, burping in Japan is generally considered impolite and a breach of table manners.
The word うっぷ is actually an onomatopoeia for the sound of a burp. While げっぷ is the standard noun, many people use this sound-imitation to describe the actual sensation or sound of the act.

友達と食事していたら、げっぷしてしまった。
While having a meal with friends, I unintentionally burped.
炭酸飲料を飲むと、げっぷする。
tansan inryō o nomu to, geppu suru.
When I drink carbonated drinks, I burp.
げっぷするのは失礼ですよ。
geppu suru no wa shitsurei desu yo.
It is rude to burp.

Sources

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