How to Say "Argentina" in Japanese

アルゼンチン

Aruzenchin[a̠ɾɯ̟zẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕĩɴ]

Argentina in Japanese is アルゼンチン (Aruzenchin).

Meaning: Argentine Republic (name)

Which one should you use?

While アルゼンチン is the common name, アルゼンチン共和国 (Aruzenchin Kyōwakoku) is the official name, meaning 'Argentine Republic'.

Aruzenchin

When mentioning 'Argentina' in a list of countries, Japanese speakers use the counter カ国 (kakoku) specifically for nations, meaning they would say アルゼンチンを含む〇カ国 to count it.
The Japanese word for 'silver' is 銀 (gin), which is a poetic echo of the meaning of the name 'Argentina', though アルゼンチン is a phonetic loan rather than a translation.
Because of an older phonetic convention, the city of 'Los Angeles' is written as ロサンゼルス (Rosanzerusu) in Japanese, mirroring the same 'ze' sound found in アルゼンチン.

母は、アルゼンチン出身です。
My mother is from Argentina.
This sentence is useful for stating where someone is from using アルゼンチン.
Tatoeba #11795611 by small_snow, translation #10727217 by ddnktr
両親はスペイン出身ですけど、私はアルゼンチンで生まれました。
My parents are Spanish, but I was born in Argentina.
This sentence is useful for describing one's place of birth using アルゼンチン.
Tatoeba #11008631 by DJ_Saidez, translation #11008627 by DJ_Saidez
ブエノスアイレスはアルゼンチンの首都です。
Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina.
アルヘンティーナって行ったことある？
Have you ever been to Argentina?
アルゼンチンは南米にあります。
Aruzenchin wa Nanbei ni arimasu.
Argentina is in South America.

Yui and Yota are talking about their favorite soccer players.

結衣 Yui

メッシはアルゼンチンの選手ですよね？
Messi wa aruzenchin no senshu desu yo ne?
Messi is an Argentine player, right?
陽太 Yota

はい、そうです。とても有名です。
Hai, sou desu. Totemo yuumei desu.
Yes, that's right. He is very famous.
結衣 Yui

アルゼンチンのサッカーは本当に強いですね。
Aruzenchin no sakkaa wa hontou ni tsuyoi desu ne.
Argentine soccer is really strong, isn't it?
陽太 Yota

そうですね。私も大好きです。
Sou desu ne. Watashi mo daisuki desu.
It is. I love it too.

Sources

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