など
nado
The English phrase "and more" is translated into Japanese as など (nado).
など is used after a list to indicate that there are other similar items not mentioned.
Is there a formal and an informal way to say it?
In very formal or written contexts, the more formal version など is often written in kanji as 等.
How does it change in a sentence?
The particle など is placed after the nouns it refers to, rather than at the end of the entire sentence. The plural form など can be used with both singular and plural nouns in Japanese, as the concept of number is often context-dependent. The phrase さらに (Sara ni) can be used both formally and informally to mean 'furthermore' or 'moreover.'
How do you pronounce it?
nado
Did you know?
- If you are listing people rather than objects, using など can actually sound quite cold or impersonal, as if you are treating humans like items in a catalog.
- When used in a sarcastic tone, など can be used to belittle an idea, similar to saying 'something as trivial as'.
- In casual conversation, you might hear people replace など with the much more colloquial なんか (nanka) to mean 'and things like that'.
Examples in context
- 会議には上司や同僚、その他の人々が参加しますDuring the meeting, not just the superiors and colleagues, but also others will participate.
- このガイドには料理の基本が書かれています。そのほか、調味料や食材の選び方も紹介しますThis guide covers the basics of cooking. In addition, it also introduces how to select seasonings and ingredients.
- 今晩、ラーメンを食べるつもりです。他にも何か食べたいものはありますか？I plan to eat ramen tonight. Besides that, is there anything else you would like to eat?
- このイタリアンレストランではパスタがおすすめです。さらに、デザートメニューも充実していますPasta is highly recommended at this Italian restaurant. Furthermore, their dessert menu is also extensive.
- 彼はスポーツが得意。そのほか、音楽も上手に演奏できますHe is good at sports. In addition, he can also play music skillfully.
- 果物や野菜など、新鮮な食べ物を買いました。Kudamono ya yasai nado, shinsen na tabemono o kaimashita.I bought fresh foods such as fruit and vegetables.
- 机の上には、本やペンなどが置いてあります。Tsukue no ue ni wa, hon ya pen nado ga oite arimasu.On the desk, there are things like books and pens.
- 週末は、映画やゲームなどで遊びます。Shūmatsu wa, eiga ya gēmu nado de asobimasu.On weekends, I play with things like movies and games.
Example conversation
Two friends are talking about what to buy for a party.
- 大翔 Hiroto買い出しに何が必要かな？kaidashi ni nani ga hitsuyou kana?What do we need to buy for the party?
- 陽葵 Himariお菓子や飲み物などが必要だよ。okashi ya nomimono nado ga hitsuyou da yo.We need snacks, drinks, and more.
- 大翔 Hirotoわかった。メモに書いておくね。wakatta. memo ni kaite oku ne.Got it. I'll write them on a memo.
- 陽葵 Himariありがとう、大翔くん。arigatou, Yamato-kun.Thank you, Yamato.
