Navajo

About Navajo

Navajo, Diné bizaad in the language itself, is spoken by the Navajo (Diné) people in the southwestern United States, mainly on the Navajo Nation in Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. About 170,000 people spoke it at home in 2011, more than any other Native American language in the United States, but fewer children are learning it and UNESCO classes it as vulnerable.

Navajo has high and low tones, and an acute accent marks a high tone. A hook under a vowel, as in ą, means it is nasal, a doubled vowel is long and an apostrophe is a short catch in the throat. The letter ł is an l made by blowing air around the sides of the tongue. You can see several of these in the greeting yá'át'ééh (hello).

FamilyNa-Dene, Athabaskan (Southern)
Speakersabout 170,000 speaking it at home (2011)
Where spokenUnited States (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah)
Statusvulnerable (UNESCO)
ScriptLatin alphabet with tone and nasal marks
Codesnv (ISO 639-1), nav (ISO 639-3)

Speaker number: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2011, via Wikidata. Retrieved 26 September 2026.

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