When learning a new language, one of the first things we often want to express is future actions or intentions. In Japanese, expressing the concept of “will” involves using different words and phrases depending on the level of formality. In this guide, we will explore various ways to say “will” in Japanese, both formally and informally.
Table of Contents
Formal Ways to Say “Will” in Japanese
1. します (Shimasu):
One of the most common and simplest ways to express the future tense in formal situations is by using the verb “します” (shimasu). This verb is derived from the noun “こと” (koto), meaning “thing” or “action,” and the verb “する” (suru), meaning “to do.”
For example: 私は日本に行きます。(Watashi wa Nihon ni ikimasu.) – I will go to Japan.
2. いたします (Itashimasu):
In more polite or humble contexts, such as business meetings, formal invitations, or when speaking to superiors, you can use “いたします” (itashimasu) instead of “します” (shimasu). This form adds extra politeness and respect to your speech.
For example: ご招待いたします。(Goshōtai itashimasu.) – I will have the honor of inviting you.
3. ございます (Gozaimasu):
Similarly, in very formal situations or when expressing intentions on behalf of a higher authority, you can use “ございます” (gozaimasu).
For example: ご案内がございます。(Goannai ga gozaimasu.) – I have an announcement.
Informal Ways to Say “Will” in Japanese
1. する (Suru):
In casual conversations, among friends, or when speaking to family members, you can simply use the verb “する” (suru) to express the future tense. This form is common and widely used in everyday situations.
For example: 明日、勉強するよ。(Ashita, benkyō suru yo.) – I will study tomorrow.
2. ~つもり (~Tsumori):
Alternatively, you can use the phrase “~つもり” (~tsumori) to indicate your intention or plan. It can be attached to the non-past form of verbs or adjectives.
For example: 遅くまで起きているつもりです。(Osoku made okite iru tsumori desu.) – I plan to stay awake late.
3. 予定だ (Yotei da):
Another way to talk about your future plans is by using “予定だ” (yotei da), which means “it is planned” or “is scheduled.” This form is commonly used in informal situations.
For example: 映画を見に行く予定だ。(Eiga o mini iku yotei da.) – I plan to go see a movie.
Other Considerations and Tips
1. Using particles:
When forming sentences with future intentions, remember to use appropriate particles. The particle “に” (ni) is commonly used with verbs of motion, indicating the direction of your action, such as “行く” (iku) meaning “to go.”
2. Verb conjugations:
Japanese verbs often change their endings depending on tense and formalities. In the examples given, the verbs “する” (suru) and “行く” (iku) are used in their dictionary form. To change the ending, you can consult Japanese verb conjugation charts or resources.
3. Context and non-verbal cues:
Keep in mind that the appropriate choice of expressing the future tense also depends on the context and non-verbal cues you are interacting with. Always consider the formality level of the situation and adjust your speech accordingly.
4. Don’t overuse keigo:
While keigo (polite language) is essential in formal settings, be cautious not to overuse it when speaking with friends or peers, as it may sound unnatural or distant. Adapt your speech based on the relationship and level of formality.
Conclusion
The ability to express future actions or intentions is crucial when learning a new language like Japanese. By understanding the various ways to say “will” in Japanese, both formally and informally, you can confidently communicate your plans and desires. Remember to pay attention to the context, level of formality, and non-verbal cues to ensure your speech sounds natural and appropriate.
