Learning how to say “what” in Japanese is essential for effective communication. In this guide, we’ll cover both formal and informal ways of expressing “what” in Japanese, along with some useful tips and examples. So, let’s get started!
Table of Contents
Formal Expressions
In formal contexts, such as business meetings, interviews, or when speaking with elders, it is important to use polite language. Here are some phrases you can use to ask “what” formally:
1. 何と言いますか？ (Nanto iimasu ka?)
This is a polite way to ask “What do you say?” It is commonly used when you want someone to repeat or clarify what they just said. For example:
Person A: すみません、もう一度言っていただけますか？ (Sumimasen, mou ichido itte itadakemasu ka?)
Person B: はい、何と言いますか？ (Hai, nanto iimasu ka?)Person A: Excuse me, could you please say that again?
Person B: Sure, what do you say?
2. 何ですか？ (Nandesu ka?)
This is a general and polite way to ask “What is it?” For instance:
Person A: お時間はいくつですか？ (O-jikan wa ikutsu desu ka?)
Person B: はい、15時です。何ですか？ (Hai, juu-go ji desu. Nan desu ka?)Person A: What time is it?
Person B: It’s 3 o’clock. What is it?
Informal Expressions
In casual conversations among friends, family, or peers, it is common to use less formal language. Below are some informal ways to ask “what” in Japanese:
1. 何て？ (Nante?)
This is a relaxed and commonly used variation of “what.” It is similar to saying “Whatcha?” in English:
Person A: 昨日、面白い映画を見たんだよ！(Kinou, omoshiroi eiga o mitan da yo!)
Person B: え、何て？ (E, nante?)Person A: Yesterday, I watched an interesting movie!
Person B: Oh, what was it?
2. 何？ (Nani?)
This is a simple and widely used casual form of asking “what.” It’s similar to saying “What?” or “Huh?” in English:
Person A: 今日、学校休むんだって。(Kyou, gakkou yasumu n datte.)
Person B: え、何？ (E, nani?)Person A: I heard you’re skipping school today.
Person B: What? Why?
Additional Tips and Regional Variations
While the above expressions are widely understood throughout Japan, it’s worth noting that regional variations exist. Here are a few extra tips:
- Kansai Dialect: In the Kansai region, including cities like Osaka and Kyoto, people often use “なんぼ” (nanbo) or “なにや” (naniya) instead of “何” (nani) to mean “what.”
- Politeness Matters: Remember to adjust your language to the appropriate level of politeness based on the situation and the person you’re speaking to.
- Body Language: Non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and gestures, can help convey your meaning when using the word “what.”
By mastering these formal and informal expressions for “what” in Japanese, you’ll be able to navigate various social situations with confidence. Practice using them in conversations to improve your fluency. Happy learning!
