What does it mean word for word?
The phrase literally translates to "Can you German?", where the verb können (to be able to) is used to imply proficiency in a language.
Which one should you use?
The forms differ based on whom you are addressing: Kannst du Deutsch? is used for an informal 'you', while Können Sie Deutsch? is used for a formal 'you'. If you are addressing a group of people informally, use Könnt ihr Deutsch?
How does it change in a sentence?
Use Können Sie Deutsch? when addressing a stranger, a superior or someone in a formal professional setting. If you are asking a group of people (an informal "you all") if they know German, use Könnt ihr Deutsch?
What mistakes should you avoid?
English speakers often mistakenly say Kennst du Deutsch? because "know" is the English translation. However, in German, kennen is used for familiarity with people or places, whereas können is used for skills and languages.
When do people say it?
If you have limited proficiency in German, a common and natural response to this question is Ja, ein bisschen.
Did you know?
Examples in context
- Mein Bruder fragt: Kannst du Deutsch?My brother asks: Do you know German?
Example conversation
Laura and Julian are meeting for the first time at a party.
- LauraHallo, ich bin Laura. Kannst du Deutsch?Hello, I am Laura. Do you know German?
- JulianHallo Laura, ja, ein bisschen.Hello Laura, yes, a little bit.
- LauraDas ist toll! Wo hast du es gelernt?That is great! Where did you learn it?
- JulianIch habe es in der Schule gelernt.I learned it in school.
Sources
- Word origins: Wiktionary entries Deutsch, deutsch, du, CC BY-SA 4.0.
