When writing an academic paper, it is important to properly attribute information and ideas to their original sources. In the Modern Language Association (MLA) style of writing, one commonly used phrase to indicate information from a source is “according to.” In this guide, we will explore the various ways to express “according to” in MLA, both formally and informally. We will also provide tips, examples, and discuss any regional variations if necessary.
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Formal Ways to Say “According to” in MLA
When writing in a formal tone, it is essential to use appropriate language that reflects the seriousness and professionalism of the academic setting. Instead of simply stating “according to,” you can use the following phrases to convey the same meaning:
- Citing the Author: The most common way to introduce information from a source in MLA is through direct citation. Use signal phrases like “As Smith argues,” or “Smith states.” For example: “According to Smith, the Earth’s temperature is increasing rapidly.”
- Quoting the Source: In some instances, you may need to directly quote the source. Use quotation marks and include the author’s name and page number in parentheses, like “According to Smith, ‘quote goes here’ (32).”
- Referencing the Study: If the information is derived from a specific study or research, you can use phrases like “In a study conducted by Smith,” or “According to a recent survey by Smith.” This helps provide context and credibility to your statement.
Informal Ways to Say “According to” in MLA
While formal language is typically used in academic writing, there may be instances where a more informal tone is appropriate. In these cases, you can use the following alternatives to express “according to” in a less rigid manner:
- Says: This is a simple and straightforward way to attribute information. For example: “Smith says that the Earth’s temperature is increasing rapidly.”
- Reports: When conveying information or data that comes from a reliable source, you can use “reports” to introduce it. For instance: “Recent reports suggest that climate change is a critical issue.”
- States: Similar to “says,” “states” is a commonly used word to attribute information. Example: “According to the report, the unemployment rate is at an all-time low.”
Regional Variations
While there are no specific regional variations for saying “according to” in MLA, it is worth noting that different cultures and regions may have their own preferred ways of attributing information. However, since the MLA style is widely accepted and practiced globally, it is recommended to follow the formal guidelines mentioned earlier to ensure consistency and standardization in academic writing.
MLA “According to” Tips and Examples
Here are some helpful tips and examples to effectively use “according to” in MLA:
- Tip 1: The information following “according to” should always be attributed to the original source to avoid plagiarism.
- Tip 2: Include the author’s name and relevant page number (if available) when directly citing a source in MLA.
- Tip 3: Use signal phrases like “argues,” “states,” or “claims” to seamlessly introduce information from a source.
“According to a recent study conducted by Johnson, over 60% of students are affected by stress.”
In this example, the author uses “according to” to cite the study conducted by Johnson, providing credibility to the statement.
Remember, properly attributing information and ideas is crucial in academic writing. Implementing the appropriate phrases when citing sources in MLA ensures the integrity of your work and acknowledges the contributions of others.
With this comprehensive guide, you are now equipped with various ways to say “according to” in MLA, both formally and informally. Remember to adjust your language based on the tone of your writing and always follow the specific guidelines provided by your instructor or institution. Happy writing!
